Interdisciplinary research in persian Language and literature

Principles and methods of writing psychological critique using the approach of existential psychology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Psychological critique is one of the main approaches to dealing with literary works. The author's psychoanalysis, the study of the psychological characteristics of the characters, and the psychoanalysis of the readers are the main practical fields of this type. For the critic of psychological criticism, there is no limit to the use of different schools of psychology. For this reason, there is less of an approach in psychology that has not been used. The existential school is a stream of psychological studies that was influenced by existentialism in the second half of the twentieth century and soon became one of the most important branches of mental analysis. From this psychological point of view, death, freedom, loneliness and emptiness are the most important human concerns that the quality of subjects' confrontation with these concerns is the cause of their health or mental disorder. Given that in recent decades’ attention to existential concerns in the creation of works of art and literature has been given special attention, and that existential psychology is the main basis for the use of the existentialism in people's lives. In this article, by using a descriptive-analytical method has been made an attempt to examine the use of this psychological approach in a critical study of literary works, especially the literary type of the novel. The results show that the issues of death, responsibility, choice, loneliness, emptiness, originality and suffering are the main issues that should be considered in the critique of psychology with an existential approach.

Keywords

List of sources and references
Books
- Ahmadi, Babak. (2009). Sartre who wrote; Centeral Tehran.
- Ahmadi, Soraya and Saeedeh Moradi. (2011). Existentialism, religion and ethics; Tehran: Elm.
- Jaslesen, Rutlen. (2014). Ervin de Yalom, translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran: Danjeh.
- Khodapnahi, Mohammad Karim. (2009). Motivation and Excitement, Tehran: Samt.
- Shokrkon, Hussein et al. (2014). Schools of Psychology and its Critique, Tehran: Samt.
- Schultz, Duane. (2019). Personality theories; Translated by Yousef Karimi et al., Tehran: Arasbaran.
- Abbasi, Ali. (2011). Structures of the Imagination System from Gilbert's Perspective on the Period of Function and Methodology, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
- Frankel, Victor. (2019). Man in Search of Meaning, translated by Amir Lahouti, Tehran: Jami.
- Fromm, Eric (2009). Escape from Freedom, translated by Ezatullah Fooladvand, Tehran: Morvarid.
- Maggie, Brian. (1995). Men of Thought: The Creators of Contemporary Philosophy, translated by Ezatullah Fooladvand, Tehran: Tarhe no.
- Malekian, Mustafa. (2000). History of Western Philosophy, Volume 4, Tehran: Seminary and University Research Institute.
- Naqibzadeh Jalali, Mir Abdul Hussein. (2011). A Look at Philosophical Attitudes in the Twentieth Century, Tehran: Tahoori.
- Harris, Amy. (2009). Staying in the last position, translated by Ismail Fassih, Tehran: Farhang Nashr-e No.
- Yalom, Erwin. (2010). Mom and the meaning of life, translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran: Qatreh.
- ......., ......... (2018). Existential psychotherapy, translated by Sepideh Habib, Tehran: Ney.
 
Articles
- Amiri, Mahsa and Amir Abbas Alizamani. (2018). "Study of existential loneliness in the modern world and methods of dealing with it based on the views of Ervin Yalom"; Fundamental Oncology, Year 9, No. 1: 1-23.
- Imanzadeh, Ali and Imanehpour series. (2018). "Representation of the experience of existential loneliness of female students referring to the Student Counseling Center of Tabriz University"; Women in Development and Politics, No. 60: 197-220.
- Hassanzadeh Mir Ali, Abdullah and Saeedeh Poursalimi. (2019). "Examining Existentialist Tendencies in the Story of Kissing the Moon of God", Facial Language, No. 8: 40-56.
- Calligrapher, Nasrin Dokht and Isa Amankhani. (2008). "Literature and Existential Philosophy", Research in Foreign Languages, No. 45: 47-64.
- Rezaei, Qasem and Mohammad Javad Safian. (2013). "Study and Reflection on Albert Camus's Approach to the Meaning of Life", Research in Contemporary World Literature, Volume 18, Number 2: 63-77.
- Salimi Bejestani, Hossein and Mehdi and Javani Hemmat. (2015). "A Comparative Study of the Concept of Death in Existential Psychology and the Quranic Perspective of Allameh Tabatabai"; Journal of Quranic Knowledge, No. 22: 7-36.
- Azizi, Milad and Amir Abbas Ali Zamani. (2015). A Study of Ervin Yalom's Perspective on the Relationship between the Existential Concerns of Mortality and the Meaning of Life, Ontological Research, No. 8: 19-37.
- Asgari Yazdi, Ali and Massoud Mirzaei. (2018). "Mortality and the Meaning of Life in Heidegger", Philosophy of Religion, Volume 15, Number 1: 25-49.
- Alizamani, Amir Abbas and Habib Mazaheri. (2018). "Study of facing the suffering of existential loneliness in Ervin Yalom's thought and the mystical suffering of separation in Rumi's thought", Philosophical Theological Studies, No. 78: 70-90.
- Amuri, Naeem and Maedeh Zahri Arab. (2019). "A Study of the Manifestations of the School of Existentialism in the novel Didar by Mikhail Naeema", Journal of Literary Schools, Volume 3, Number 6: 33-48.
- Georgian, Mustafa. (2008). "A Study of the Nature and Concept of Suffering in the Poems of Qaisar Aminpour", Literary Research, Volume 5, Number 20: 107-130.
- Metz, Thedeus. (2003). "New works on the meaning of life", translated by Mohsen Javadi, Journal of Criticism and Opinion, Year 8, No. 29-30: 266-313.
- Masoudi, Jahangir and Khadijeh Hashemi. (2012). "Rereading the theory of religious nature in Victor Frankl's semantic approach", Ghabsat, No. 63. pp. 158-137.
- ......, ......... (2012). "Psychotherapy and the meaning of life", translated by Sepideh Habib, Quarterly Journal of Wisdom and Knowledge, seventh year, No. 12. pp. 34-33.
Interdisciplinary research in persian Language and literature
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
April 2022
Pages 1-25
  • Receive Date: 30 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 13 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 29 May 2021