ماهیت رمزگان‌های رولان بارت در خوانش معنایی واحدهای داستان شرق بنفشه اثر شهریار مندنی پور
نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 علی کشاورز قدیمی، دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، واحد خدابنده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خدابنده، ایران.
2 جواد طاهری، استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.
3 لیدا نامدار، استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، واحد خدابنده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خدابنده، ایران.
چکیده
داستان «شرق بنفشه» یکی از محوری‌ترین داستان‌های کوتاه شهریار مندنی‌پور است که در بارۀ تفسیر معانی و نمادهای آن دیدگاه‌های متفاوتی ارائه گردیده است. در این میان شیوۀ «رولان بارت» راه‌گشای این مسیر بوده تا با استفاده از رمزگان‌های پنج‌گانه هرمنوتیکی، کنشی، معنابنی، نمادین و فرهنگی به واکاوی معنا در متن این داستان پرداخته شود. مقاله به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و به شیوۀ کتابخانه‌ای نگارش گردیده و هدف آن دست‌یافتن به سطوح مختلف معنایی داستان است که تعارض‌های تفسیرکنندگان را نمایان و راه را برای کشف معانی آن هموار سازد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد چهار رمزگان هرمنوتیک، کنشی، نمادین و معنایی در این داستان وجود دارند و برخی از نشانه‌ها قابلیت آن‌را دارند که در صورت تفسیر وجوه دیگری را شامل شوند و خواننده می‌تواند با توجه به دلالت‌مندی از یک نشانه به یک یا چند رمزگان دیگر دست یابد که عنوان «بنفشه» یکی از این نشانه‌هاست و رمزگان هرمنوتیک اصلی محسوب می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Exploring the Interpretation of Meaning in Shahriar Mandanipour's "Violet Orient" through Roland Barthes' Codes
نویسندگان [English]
- ali keshavarz qadimi 1
- javad taheri 2
- lida namdar 3
1 Ali Keshavarz Gadidi, Ph.D. student of Persian language and literature, Khodabande branch, Islamic Azad University, Khodabande, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University of Abhar, Abhar, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University of Khodabandah, Khodabandah, Iran
چکیده [English]
Exploring the Interpretation of Meaning in Shahriar Mandanipour's "Violet Orient" through Roland Barthes' Codes
Violet Orient (Sharghe Banafshe) is a significant short story by Shahriar Mandanipour offering diverse interpretations and symbolic meanings. This article employs Roland Barthes'
analytical framework, consisting of five codes: hermeneutic, action, symbolic, connotative, and cultural, to delve into the layers of meaning embedded in the text. By a descriptive-analytical approach, this study aims to navigate the various levels of interpretation within the story, emphasizing the conflicts that arise among interpreters and facilitating the exploration of its meanings. The research findings reveal the presence of four codes: hermeneutic, action, symbolic, and connotative, and certain signs possess the potential to encompass additional aspects when interpreted, enabling readers to access other codes based on the significance of these signs. Notably, "Violet" is a crucial hermeneutic code within the narrative, warranting further investigation and analysis.
Keywords: Literary theories, Violet Orient, Codes, Roland Barthes, Multivalence
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Literary theories
- Sharq Banafsheh
- Ramezgan
- Roland Barthes
- polysemy
Extended Abstract
Research Objective
This research aims to analyze the application of Barthes' codes in interpreting the meaning within the short story "Violet Orient." The hypothesis posits that "Violet Orient" is an author-centered text influenced by Roland Barthes' theories. Notably, there has been a lack of research on multivalence and semiotics in "Violet Orient" thus far, making this study significant.
Previous studies relevant to this research include seminal works on semiotics by Roland Barthes, Umberto Eco, and Daniel Chandler, as well as analyses of Saussure: Signs, System and Arbitrariness by David Holdcroft and explorations of Structuralism and Semiotics by Terence Hawkes. Additionally, studies have been conducted on Mandanipour's works, such as Nasrin Malekmarzban's article on animal semiotics, Fatemeh Heydari's article on intertextuality in "Violet Orient," and Masoumeh Nazari's article on the mythological position of the violet flower in Vis and Ramin. However, no research has specifically addressed the topics of multivalence and semiotics in the short story "Violet Orient" until now.
Materials and Methods
This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the meaning and symbols in "Violet Orient," which offers multiple perspectives for interpretation. The research utilizes Roland Barthes' theories, mainly focusing on the five codes: hermeneutic, action, connotative, symbolic, and cultural.
Findings
The hermeneutic code is apparent from the opening lines of "Violet Orient," inviting readers to decipher the text's enigmatic and mysterious elements. Through various puzzles and mysteries, the story presents hermeneutic codes that create tension and suspense, engaging the reader. These hermeneutic codes and their arrangement form the foundation of the narrative.
The action codes encompass narrative units that collectively shape the text and drive the story forward. Barthes views this code as a sequence of actions establishing a narrative chain. In "Violet Orient," several actions and small narrative elements facilitate the story's progression. Descriptions and expansions of these actions set the stage for the story's development.
Symbolic codes represent opposing elements that carry meaning and serve as points of convergence between the text and the reader. Examining symbolic meanings in "Violet Orient" reveals its multivalent nature and profound, constructed romantic meaning. Mandanipour draws inspiration from books encoded within the text, particularly those associated with Zabih and Arghavan. The naming of characters like Zabih and Arghavan alludes to stories such as Layla and Majnun.
Connotative codes in the story revolve around the symbolic letters exchanged between Zabih and Arghavan. "Violet Orient" presents a complex narrative centered on love, with Zabih deciphering his letters and expressions of love through Shams Tabrizi's sonnets, conveying textual connotations to Arghavan.
Conclusion
The analysis of "Violet Orient" reveals the presence of four codes: hermeneutic, action, symbolic, and connotative. The hermeneutic code revolves around two primary enigmas, the violet flower and the snake, which are central mysteries in the story yet remain unresolved for the reader. The action codes encompass many actions, with 18 interconnected actions propelling the narrative forward, primarily focusing on the love between Zabih and Arghavan and their adventures.
The symbolic codes in "Violet Orient" unveil 17 dualities, with the primary dualities being union-separation and Murid-Murad, while others serve as subsidiary elements. These symbolic dualities contribute to the intricate web of meaning in the story. The connotative codes highlight 13 implicit references, establishing intertextual connections within the narrative. The violet flower emerges as a significant hermeneutic code that underpins the entire story, yet its complete interpretation eludes the reader, leaving it open to subjective understanding. The reader's active role in interpreting the text identifies "Violet Orient" as an author-centered work in which the reader acts as a conduit between the written text and its interpretation.
Overall, the application of Barthes' codes in the analysis of "Violet Orient" sheds light on the complex layers of meaning and interpretation within the story, offering a deeper understanding of the text's authorial intentions and the reader's role in constructing meaning.
Keywords: Story, Violet Orient, codes, Roland Barthes, Multivalence
References
Books
- Allen, Graham. (2006). Intertextuality, translated by Payam Yazdanjoo, 1st edition, Tehran: Markaz.
- As'ad Gurgani, Fakhruddin. (1958). Vis and Ramin, edited by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran: Bongahe Andisheh.
- Eco, Umberto. (2022). Semiotics, translated by Pirooz Izadi, Tehran: Saales.
- Barthes, Roland. (2018). Foundations of Semiotics, translated by Sadegh Rashidi, Tehran: Elmi O Farhangi.
- Payne, Michael. (2000). Barthes, Foucault, Althusser, translated by Payam Yazdanjoo, Tehran: Markaz.
- Chandler, Daniel. (2015). Foundations of Semiotics, translated by Mehdi Parsa, Tehran: Soore Mehr.
- Hafez, Shams-od-Din Mohammad. (1996). Hafez's Divan, edited by Khanlari, 2nd edition, Tehran: Khwarizmi.
- Dashti, Ali. (1983). A Moment with Khayyam, Tehran: Asatir.
- de Saint-Exupéry, Antoine. (2010). The Little Prince, translated by Mohammad Ghazi, 11th edition, Tehran: Shokufeh.
- Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques. (2006). The Religion of Ancient Iran, translated by Roya Monajjem, 2nd edition, Tehran: Nashre Elm.
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar. (1994). Dictionary, Volume 12, Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
- Rangchi, Gholamhossein. (1994). Flowers and Plants in Persian Poetry until the Beginning of the Mongol Period, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- Sepehri, Sohrab. (2009). Hasht Ketab, 1st edition, Tehran: Zovar.
- Chevalier, Jean and Alain, Gheerbrant. (2009). Dictionary of Symbols, translated by Soudabeh Fazaeli, Volume 2, Tehran: Jeyhoon.
- Safa, Zabihollah. (2002). History of Literature in Iran, Volume 1, Tehran: Qoqnoos.
- Attar, Farid al-Din Muhammad bin Ibrahim Neishaburi. (2004). Tazkirat al-Awliya, edited by Mohammad Estelami, 14th edition, Tehran: Zavar.
- Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad. (2004). Contemporary Iranian Story Writers: Selection and Critique of Seventy Years of Contemporary Iranian Fiction, 1st edition, Tehran: Hirmand.
- Cooper, J. C. (2000). An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols, translated by Maliheh Karbasian, Tehran: Farshad.
- Mandanipour, Shahriar. (2008). Violet Orient, 7th edition, Tehran: Markaz.
- Mehrvar, Zakaria. (2001). A Study of Contemporary Short Stories, 1st edition, Tehran: Tirgan.
- Hawkes, Terence. (2019). Structuralism and Semiotics, translated by Kourosh Safavi, 1st edition, Tehran: Elmi.
- Hedayat, Sadegh. (1955). Scattered Writings, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
- Hamilton, Edith. (1997). Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, translated by Abdul Hossein Sharifian, Tehran: Asatir.
- Holdcroft, David. (2012). Saussure: Signs, System, and Arbitrariness, translated by Sepideh Abdolkarimi, Tehran: Elmi.
Articles
- Owarati, Nahoku. (2004). "Symbolism in Classic Persian Literary Texts," Literary Research Journal, Vol. 8, No. 21, pp. 147-160.
- Habibian, Maryam. (2022). "Analysis of Symbolism in the Story 'Lion and Cow' in Kalila and Demna by Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah," Literary Criticism and Theory, No. 13, pp. 55-77.
- Heidari, Fatemeh. (2013). "Intertextuality in Violet Orient by Shahriar Mandanipour," Journal of Linguistic Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 55-74.
- Karimi Firouzjani, Ali. (2016). "An Analysis of the Story 'Sarai' from the Perspective of Barthes' Semiotics," Literary Studies, No. 2, pp. 55-68.
- Moradi, Ayoub. (2020). "An Examination of Semantic Multiplicity in Rumi's 'King and Maid' Based on Roland Barthes' System of Narrative Codes," Journal of Mystical Literary Research, No. 2, pp. 189-210.
- Nazari, Masoumeh. (2018). "The Mythological Significance of the Violet Flower in 'Vis and Ramin' Based on Greek Mythology," Bahar Sokhan Journal, Vol. 15, No. 42, pp. 45-62.
- Najafi, Zohreh. (2016). "Analysis and Interpretation of Textual Symbols in 'The Parrot and the Merchant' in Masnavi," Literary Arts, No. 2, pp. 191-200.
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مقاله
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- حیدری، فاطمه (1392) «بینامتنیت در شرق بنفشه» اثر شهریار مندنی‌پور، فصلنامۀ جستارهای زبانی، دورۀ 4، ش2، پیاپی، 14: صص55-74.
- نظری، معصومه (1397) «بررسی جایگاه اساطیری گل بنفشه در ویس و رامین بر پایۀ اساطیر یونانی»، فصلنامۀ بهار سخن، سال 15، شمارۀ 42: صص45-62.
- References
- Books
- - Allen, Graham. (2006). Intertextuality, translated by Payam Yazdanjoo, 1st edition, Tehran: Markaz.
- - As'ad Gurgani, Fakhruddin. (1958). Vis and Ramin, edited by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran: Bongahe Andisheh.
- - Eco, Umberto. (2022). Semiotics, translated by Pirooz Izadi, Tehran: Saales.
- - Barthes, Roland. (2018). Foundations of Semiotics, translated by Sadegh Rashidi, Tehran: Elmi O Farhangi.
- - Payne, Michael. (2000). Barthes, Foucault, Althusser, translated by Payam Yazdanjoo, Tehran: Markaz.
- - Chandler, Daniel. (2015). Foundations of Semiotics, translated by Mehdi Parsa, Tehran: Soore Mehr.
- - Hafez, Shams-od-Din Mohammad. (1996). Hafez's Divan, edited by Khanlari, 2nd edition, Tehran: Khwarizmi.
- - Dashti, Ali. (1983). A Moment with Khayyam, Tehran: Asatir.
- - de Saint-Exupéry, Antoine. (2010). The Little Prince, translated by Mohammad Ghazi, 11th edition, Tehran: Shokufeh.
- - Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques. (2006). The Religion of Ancient Iran, translated by Roya Monajjem, 2nd edition, Tehran: Nashre Elm.
- - Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar. (1994). Dictionary, Volume 12, Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
- - Rangchi, Gholamhossein. (1994). Flowers and Plants in Persian Poetry until the Beginning of the Mongol Period, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- - Sepehri, Sohrab. (2009). Hasht Ketab, 1st edition, Tehran: Zovar.
- - Chevalier, Jean and Alain, Gheerbrant. (2009). Dictionary of Symbols, translated by Soudabeh Fazaeli, Volume 2, Tehran: Jeyhoon.
- - Safa, Zabihollah. (2002). History of Literature in Iran, Volume 1, Tehran: Qoqnoos.
- - Attar, Farid al-Din Muhammad bin Ibrahim Neishaburi. (2004). Tazkirat al-Awliya, edited by Mohammad Estelami, 14th edition, Tehran: Zavar.
- - Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad. (2004). Contemporary Iranian Story Writers: Selection and Critique of Seventy Years of Contemporary Iranian Fiction, 1st edition, Tehran: Hirmand.
- - Cooper, J. C. (2000). An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols, translated by Maliheh Karbasian, Tehran: Farshad.
- - Mandanipour, Shahriar. (2008). Violet Orient, 7th edition, Tehran: Markaz.
- - Mehrvar, Zakaria. (2001). A Study of Contemporary Short Stories, 1st edition, Tehran: Tirgan.
- - Hawkes, Terence. (2019). Structuralism and Semiotics, translated by Kourosh Safavi, 1st edition, Tehran: Elmi.
- - Hedayat, Sadegh. (1955). Scattered Writings, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
- - Hamilton, Edith. (1997). Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, translated by Abdul Hossein Sharifian, Tehran: Asatir.
- - Holdcroft, David. (2012). Saussure: Signs, System, and Arbitrariness, translated by Sepideh Abdolkarimi, Tehran: Elmi.
- Articles
- - Owarati, Nahoku. (2004). "Symbolism in Classic Persian Literary Texts," Literary Research Journal, Vol. 8, No. 21, pp. 147-160.
- - Habibian, Maryam. (2022). "Analysis of Symbolism in the Story 'Lion and Cow' in Kalila and Demna by Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah," Literary Criticism and Theory, No. 13, pp. 55-77.
- - Heidari, Fatemeh. (2013). "Intertextuality in Violet Orient by Shahriar Mandanipour," Journal of Linguistic Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 55-74.
- - Karimi Firouzjani, Ali. (2016). "An Analysis of the Story 'Sarai' from the Perspective of Barthes' Semiotics," Literary Studies, No. 2, pp. 55-68.
- - Moradi, Ayoub. (2020). "An Examination of Semantic Multiplicity in Rumi's 'King and Maid' Based on Roland Barthes' System of Narrative Codes," Journal of Mystical Literary Research, No. 2, pp. 189-210.
- - Nazari, Masoumeh. (2018). "The Mythological Significance of the Violet Flower in 'Vis and Ramin' Based on Greek Mythology," Bahar Sokhan Journal, Vol. 15, No. 42, pp. 45-62.
- - Najafi, Zohreh. (2016). "Analysis and Interpretation of Textual Symbols in 'The Parrot and the Merchant' in Masnavi," Literary Arts, No. 2, pp. 191-200.
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دوره 1، شماره 2
دو فصلنامه (شماره پاییز و زمستان 1401)مهر 1401صفحه 181-200
- تاریخ دریافت: 09 تیر 1402
- تاریخ بازنگری: 22 شهریور 1402
- تاریخ پذیرش: 22 شهریور 1402