Interdisciplinary research in persian Language and literature

Phonetic and Phonological Study of Shirazi works of Shah Da'i in Comparison with Middle Persian

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

The Former Dialect of Shirāz is among a few New Iranian dialects of which considerable written texts are remained from 5th till 11th century A.H. Sa'diʼs Mosallasāt (7th century A.H.), a trilingual ghazal of Hafez (8th century A.H.), the Divān of Shams Pos-e Nāser (8th century A.H.) and the books Kān-e Malāhat and Se Goftār by Shāh Dā'i Shirāzi (9th century A.H.) and Bos'haq At'ema (9th century A.H.) are typical samples of this linguistic variety. The Former Dialect of Shirāz (called Shirāzi or Sherazi) has been changed in phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels in its evolution from Middle Shirāzi. The authors of this article try to compare the phonetic and phonological characteristics of this linguistic variant with Middle Persian as well as introducing the most important phonetic changes from Middle Persian to The Former Shirāzi and also the major phonetic processes of Shirāzi based on the works of Shāh Dā’i Shirāzi.

Keywords

  • References

    Books

    • Abolghasemi, Mohsen. (1387/2008). Historical Grammar of Persian; Tehran: SAMT. [in Persian]
    • Amouzgar, Zhaleh, and Tafazzoli, Ahmad. (1375/1996). Pahlavi Language, Its Literature and Grammar; Tehran: Moein. [in Persian]
    • Hafez, Shams al-Din Mohammad. (1394/2015). The Divan of Hafez Shirazi: The Oldest Known Complete Manuscript (801 AH), with Preface by Mohammad Golandam (Comprehensive Divan of Hafez), Reproduction of Manuscript No. 5194 of Nur Osmaniye Library (Istanbul), edited by Behrouz Imani; Tehran: Miras-e Maktub. [in Persian]
    • Lazard, Gilbert. (1384/2005). The Formation of the Persian Language, translated by Mahasti Bahraini; Tehran: Hermes. [in Persian]
    • MacKenzie, David Neil. (1373/1994). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, translated by Mahshid Mirfakhraei; Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [in Persian]
    • Mazdapour, Katayoun. (1390/2011). Word and Its Meaning from Middle Persian to Modern Persian; Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [in Persian]
    • Modarresi Ghavami, Golnaz. (1394/2015). Descriptive Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology; Tehran: Elmi. [in Persian]
    • Neysari, Salim. (1385/2006). Book of Variations in Hafez’s Ghazals, Vol. 1; Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature. [in Persian]
    • Rezaei Baghbidi, Hasan. (1385/2006). A Guide to the Parthian Language (Arsacid Pahlavi); Tehran: Qoqnoos. [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1357/1978). The Formation of the Persian Language; Tehran: Islamic Azad University of Iran. [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1395/2016). Comprehensive Dictionary of the Persian Language, Vol. 2; Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature. [in Persian]
    • Shamisa, Cyrus. (1390/2011). A Fresh Look at Badi’ (Rhetoric); Tehran: Mitra. [in Persian]
    • Vajed [Shirazi], Mohammad Jafar. (1353/1974). Navid-e Didar (A Commentary on the Book Kan-e Malahat and the Masnavi Seh Goftar in the Local Shirazi Dialect); Shiraz: General Directorate of Culture and Art, Fars Province. [in Persian]

     

    Articles and Theses

    • Adib Tusi, Mohammad-Amin. (1345 a/1966). “Kan-e Malahat [3]”; Journal of the Faculty of Literature, Tabriz University, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Issue 77), pp. 33- [in Persian]
    • Adib Tusi, Mohammad-Amin. (1345 b/1966). “Kan-e Malahat [4]”; Journal of the Faculty of Literature, Tabriz University, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Issue 78), pp. 197- [in Persian]
    • Firouzbakhsh, Pezhman. (1388/2009). “A Study of Old Shirazi Dialect Based on Forty Ghazals by Shams Pus-e Nasir Shirazi”; M.A. Thesis in Ancient Culture and Languages, supervised by Mahmoud Jafari Dehaghi and advised by Hasan Rezaei Baghbidi, University of Tehran. [in Persian]
    • Forouzandeh-Fard, Manouchehr. (1395/2016). “A Critical Review of the Shirazi Verses in Nasir al-Din Khatib Shaf’avi’s ‘Muθallaθ Qasids’”; Gozaresh-e Miras, Vol. 3, No. 1 & 2, pp. 79- [in Persian]
    • Forouzandeh-Fard, Manouchehr. (1397/2018). “A Linguistic Description of Old Shirazi, Based on the Works ‘Kan-e Malahat’ and ‘Se Goftar’ by Shah Da’i Shirazi”; M.A. Thesis in Ancient Culture and Languages, supervised by Mohammad Matlabi and advised by Mahmoud Modabberi, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. [in Persian]
    • Forouzandeh-Fard, Manouchehr. (1398/2019). “Notes on a Shirazi Ghazal by Qutb al-Din Shirazi”; Qalam Quarterly (Kermanshah), No. 11, pp. 34- [in Persian]
    • Jafari Dehaghi, Mahmoud. (1387/2008). “A Composition by Shah Da’i Shirazi, the 9th-Century Poet, in the Old Shirazi Dialect”; in A Drop on the Soil: In Memory of Professor Yahya Mahyar Nawabi, edited by Mahmoud Jafari Dehaghi with the collaboration of Ali Shahidi, Tehran: The Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia, pp. 11- [in Persian]
    • MacKenzie, David Neil. (1968). “An Early Jewish-Persian Argument”; Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 249-269.
    • Mahyar Nawabi, Yahya. (1374/1995). “Several Ghazals by Shams Pus-e Nasir”; Name-ye Farhangestan, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 27- [in Persian]
    • Mahyar Nawabi, Yahya. (1375/1996). “A Qasida and a Ghazal by Shams Pus-e Nasir in the Old Shirazi Dialect”; Name-ye Farhangestan, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Issue 5), pp. 36- [in Persian]
    • Mahyar Nawabi, Yahya. (1376/1997). “One of the Features of the Shirazi Dialect in the 7th-9th Hijri Centuries”; in Sokhanvarah: Fifty-Five Research Articles in Memory of Dr. Parviz Natel Khanlari, ed. by Iraj Afshar and Hans Robert Roemer, Tehran: Tous, pp. 169- [in Persian]
    • Qa’em-Maqami, Seyyed Ahmad-Reza. (1394/2015). “A Review of the Etymological Dictionary of Persian Language [by Mohammad Hasandoost]”; Farhang-Nevisi, No. 10, pp. 147- [in Persian]
    • Rezaei Baghbidi, Hasan. (1382/2003). “Old Shirazi”; Guyesh-Shenasi, No. 1, pp. 32- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1383a/2004). “The Old Dialect of Kazeroon”; Majalle-ye Zabanshenasi, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Issue 37), pp. 1- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1383b/2004). “Two Phonological Changes in Persian: The Deletion and Addition of the Consonant ‘n’ after Long Vowels”; Majalle-ye Zabanshenasi, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 1- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1385/2006). “The Evolution of the Arabic Consonant ‘q’ in Persian”; Majalle-ye Zabanshenasi, Vol. 21, Nos. 1 & 2 (Issues 41 & 42), pp. 3- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1389/2010). “A Ghazal by Qutb al-Din Shirazi in the Old Shirazi Dialect”; Mazdak-nama 3 (Commemorating the Third Anniversary of the Death of Mazdak Kianfar), eds. Jamshid Kianfar and Parvin Estakhri, Tehran: Parvin Estakhri, pp. 135- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1390/2011). “A Shirazi Verse by Sa’di in the Golestan: A New Proposal for Its Reading and Meaning”; in Festschrift for Professor Salim Neysari, ed. by Gholamali Haddad Adel, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, pp. 393- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1391/2012). “Shirazi Verses by Sa’di in Muθallaθāt; Zaban-ha o Guyesh-haye Irani, No. 1, pp. 5- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1393/2014). “A Mulammaʿ Ghazal by Nasir al-Din Khatib Shaf’avi in Arabic, Persian, and Shirazi”; Zaban-ha o Guyesh-haye Irani, No. 4, pp. 117- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1394/2015). “The Consonant /θ/ in Persian and Pahlavi”; Farhang-Nevisi, No. 9, pp. 3- [in Persian]
    • Sadeghi, Ali-Ashraf. (1395a/2016). “Shirazi Verses in the Mulammaʿ Ghazal of Hafez”; in Sokhan-e Eshq: Festschrift for Dr. Hasan Anvari, ed. by Ali-Ashraf Sadeghi and Mahmoud Abedi, Tehran: Sokhan, pp. 327- [in Persian]
    • Ṣādeqi, ‘Ali-Ašraf. (2013). “Kazerun, iii. Old Kazerun Dialect”; Encyclopædia Iranica, ed. By Ehsan Yarshater, Vol. XVI, pp. 216-217.
    • Skjærvø, Prods Oktor. (2009). “Middle West Iranian”; The Iranian Languages; By Gernot Windfuhr, London & New York: Routledge, pp. 196-278.
    • Sundermann, Werner. (1390/2011). “Middle Persian”; in Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, ed. by Rüdiger Schmitt, Persian translation supervised by Hasan Rezaei Baghbidi, Vol. 1, Tehran: Qoqnoos, pp. 223- [in Persian]
    • Sundermann, Werner. (1989). “Mittelpersisch”; Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, ed. By Rüdiger Schmitt, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, pp. 134-168.
    • Vajed Shirazi, Mohammad Jafar. (1349/1970). “Commentary on Three Verses in Shirazi by Sheikh Rouzbehan”; Rahnamaye Ketab, Vol. 13, pp. 725- [in Persian]

     

     

Interdisciplinary research in persian Language and literature
Volume 3, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 53-76
  • Receive Date: 20 August 2024
  • Revise Date: 17 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 23 November 2024