Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• batol qorbani ¹
• morad esmaeeli ²
• mona alimadadi ³

¹ Master's student of Persian language and literature at Gonbad Kavos University

² Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Gonbad Kavous University

³ Associate Professor, Department of Persian Literature, Gonbad Kavos University

Abstract

Nowadays one of the most important and effective methods for conveying educational content to children, is through storybooks and tales. The present essay seeks to answer the question of how the four basic needs, which Maslow believes must be fulfilled in order to achieve self-actualization, are reflected in the book *365 Stories for the Nights of the Year*, using Maslow's psychoanalytic theory. Based on the findings of this research, the most frequent occurrences of physiological needs are reflected in examples such as the need for food and sleep, safety needs are reflected in aspects like parental support, order and stability, and overcoming fear; the need for love and belonging is shown in examples such as being accepted by a group, helping others, kindness, and being loved; and finally, the need for esteem and self-respect is manifested in examples like gaining new scientific knowledge, recognizing one's talents and abilities, respecting others' wishes and choices, avoiding mockery, and being invited to help others. It is hoped that by becoming familiar with these needs and surpassing them, children will progress toward achieving a self-actualized personality.