Document Type : Research Paper

Author

• زهرا حیاتی

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Abstract

The screenplay The Travelers written by Bahram Beyzai and the film The Travelers directed by the same author provide a unique opportunity to analyze two different media discourses and to understand the differences in narrative expression of a single subject. Examining these differences through Gérard Genette’s theory of focalization offers a deeper understanding of narrative style in literature and cinema. A narratological comparison between a screenplay and its film adaptation by the same individual can reveal how the narrative transforms in the transition from written to visual text. Genette’s focalization theory, as a theoretical framework, allows for analyzing changes in point of view, the amount of information provided, and the positioning of the narrator or character within the narrative. This study investigates the screenplay and film The Travelers through the lens of focalization to explore narrative transformations and analyze the mechanisms that influence audience perception. The findings suggest that these two narrative discourses exemplify a significant shift in focalization strategies from text to image. In the screenplay, the narrative is primarily structured around internal focalization, whereas in the cinematic version, it is mostly organized through external focalization; though in many instances, the camera successfully manages to convey both internal and external focalization simultaneously.

Keywords

• The Travelers
• Bahram Beyzai
• Focalization
• Genette